{"id":1942,"date":"2022-05-20T09:48:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T09:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.qingxijigs.com\/?p=1942"},"modified":"2022-05-10T09:49:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T01:49:02","slug":"%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%a6%e6%b8%85%e6%b4%97%e4%b8%ad%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e7%9a%84%e9%85%b8%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.qingxijigs.com\/?p=1942","title":{"rendered":"\u5316\u5b66\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9178\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\uff1a \u53d1\u5e03\u65e5\u671f\uff1a<\/p><\/div>\n
<\/span>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6e05\u6d17<\/strong>\u5242\u6709\u9178\u3001\u78b1\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u87af\u5408\u5242\u3001\u6740\u751f\u5242\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u5242\u53bb\u7784\u7269\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u6c61\u57a2\u65f6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u5242\u53ea\u5bf9\u6c61\u57a2\u8d77\u5316\u5b66\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6e05\u6d17\u7269\u4f53\u53d1\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u628a\u5bf9\u6e05\u6d17\u7269\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7f29\u5c0f\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u787c\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5bf9\u6c61\u57a2\u8fdb\u884c\u6eb6\u89e3\u8150\u8680\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\u914d\u5408\u5316\u5b66\u6e05\u6d17\u5242<\/span>(<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9178<\/span>)<\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u91d1\u5c5e\u7f13\u8680\u5242\u7ffb\u949d\u5316\u5242\u7b49<\/span>\u52a9\u5242<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span>\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u9664\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5404\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u6e05\u6d17\u5242\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u914d\u5408\u5316\u5b66\u6e05\u6d17\u5242\u4f7f\u7528\u5ce8\u52a9\u5242\u6709\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span>\u9178\u662f\u5904\u7406\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u6c61\u57a2\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u5242\u3002\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9178\u5305\u62ec\u65e0\u673a\u9178\u3001\u6709\u673a\u9178\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u6562\u51cb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7535\u79bb\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span>\u4f46\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u9178\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7535\u79bb\u51fa\u7684\u6c22\u732e<\/span>I<\/span>\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684<\/span>pH<\/span>\u503c\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u9178\u78b1\u6027\u3002<\/span>pH<\/span>\u503c\u662f\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u8d1f\u5bf9\u6570\uff0c<\/span> pH=<\/span>\u4e00<\/span>lgcH+<\/sup><\/span>\u2460<\/span>\u3002\u4e2d\u6027\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a<\/span><\/sup>mol\/L<\/span>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c34\u7684<\/span>pH<\/span>\uff1d\u4e00<\/span>lg<\/sup><\/span>\uff1d<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5728\u9178\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e<\/span><\/sup>mol\/L<\/span>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9178\u7684<\/span>pH<<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6d53\u5ea6\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9178\u6eb6\u6f5e<\/span>_<\/span>\u7684<\/span>pH<\/span>\u503c\u8d8a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u660e\u6b64\u9178\u7535\u79bb\u51fa\u7684\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9178\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002<\/span> \u540d\u79f0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u5316\u5b66\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n cH+=.mol\/L<\/span>\u65f6<\/span>pH<\/span>\u503c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u65e0\u673a\u9178<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u786b\u9178<\/span> H<\/sub>SO<\/sub> c(<\/sup>\/<\/sub>HSO) . \u6709\u673a\u9178<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n \u6c28\u57fa\u78fa\u9178<\/span> NH<\/sub>HSO<\/sub> c(NH<\/sub>HSO<\/sub>) . <\/span>\u2460<\/span>\u8868\u793a<\/span>c(<\/sup>\/<\/sub>H<\/sub>S<\/sub>)<\/span>\uff1d<\/span>.mol\/L<\/span>\u4f59\u540c\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u5728\u8868<\/span>\u2014 <\/span>\u4e2d\u5217\u6709\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65e0\u673a\u9178\u3001\u6709\u673a\u9178\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u9178\u6027\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u9178\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u6d3b\u6cfc\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8d8a\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u8d8a\u6613\u4e0e\u9178\u7535\u79bb\u51fa\u7684\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u5432\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u91d1\u5c5e\u53d8\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u96be\u6613\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>
Li>K>N>Ca>Mg>Zn>Cr>Fe<\/sup>>Cd>Co>
Ni>Pb>Sn>Fe<\/sup>>[H]>Cu>Ag>Hg>Au
<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d3b\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6c22\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6613\u4e8e\u5728\u9178\u4e2d\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u9178\u4e2d\u723f\u4e0e\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u88ab\u6eb6\u89e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u6c22\u6c14\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e2d<\/span>Fe<\/span>\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c<\/span>Fe<\/sup><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u94c1\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e8c\u4ef7\u94c1\u79bb\u5b50<\/span>(Fe+<\/sup>)<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Fe<\/sup><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e09\u4ef7\u94c1\u79bb\u5b50<\/span>(Fe+<\/sup>)<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91d1\u5c5e\u94c1\u66f4\u4e3a\u6d3b\u6cfc\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u5df2\u77e5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6c27\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u8010\u8150\u8680\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8986\u76d6\u819c\u65f6\uff0c\u9178\u5bf9\u91d1\u5c5e\u65f6\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u53eb\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u949d\u5316\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u5728\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u9178\u6e05\u9664\u6c61\u57a2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>H+<\/sup><\/span>\u79bb\u5b50\u8d77\u7740\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u5bf9\u6c61\u57a2\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<\/span>F<\/sup><\/span>\u79bb\u5b50\u53ef\u4f7f\u6c34\u57a2\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>SiO<\/sup><\/span>\u53d1\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u6eb6\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u522b\u7684\u9178\u6839<\/span>(<\/span>\u9634\u79bb\u5b50<\/span>)<\/span>\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7528\u9178\u4f5c\u5316\u5b66\u6e05\u6d17\u5242\u65f6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u9178\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e0d\u540c\u9178\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u6e05\u6d17\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u9178\u548c\u6709\u673a\u9178\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u9010\u4e00\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u4e00\u3001\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\uff0e\u786b\u9178<\/span>(H<\/sub>S<\/sub>)
<\/span>\u2460<\/span>cH+<\/sup> <\/span>\u4e3a<\/span>cH+<\/sup>\/(mol\/L)<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u7684\u91cf\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u8868<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/b>\u6d17\u6da4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9178\u7c7b<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<\/span>\u76d0\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u785d\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u78f7\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u94ec\u9178<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n\n
HCI
HNO<\/sub>
H<\/sub>PO<\/sub>
HF
H<\/sub>CrO<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n\n
c(HCI) .
c(<\/sup>\/<\/sub>H<\/sub>PO<\/sub>) .
c(HF) .
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n \n \n
<\/span>\u8349\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u9152\u77f3\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u67e0\u6aac\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u7532\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u4e73\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u7f9a\u57fa\u4e59\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u918b\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u4e01\u4e8c\u9178<\/span>
<\/span>\u82f9\u679c\u9178<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n\n
COOH
COOH
HOOC\u00b7CHOH\u00b7CHOH\u00b7COOH
HOOC\u00b7CH<\/sub>COH\u00b7COOH\u00b7CH<\/sub>COOH
HCOOH
CH<\/sub>CHOHCOOH
HOCH<\/sub>COOH
CH<\/sub>COOH
HOCH<\/sub>(CHOH)<\/sub>COOH
HOOCCH<\/sub>CH<\/sub>COOH
HOOCCH<\/sub>CHOHCOOH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n\n
c(<\/sup>\/<\/sub>H<\/sub>C<\/sub>O<\/sub>) .
c(<\/sup>\/<\/sub>H<\/sub>C<\/sub>O<\/sub>) .
c(<\/sup>\/<\/sub>H<\/sub>C<\/sub>O<\/sub>) .
c(H<\/sub>CO<\/sub>) .
c(H<\/sub>C<\/sub>O<\/sub>) .
c(H<\/sub>C<\/sub>O<\/sub>) .
c(H<\/sub>C<\/sub>O<\/sub>) .<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/span>\u786b\u9178\u662f\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u7684\u6c34\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e94\u8272\u7c98\u7a20\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u628a\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6eb6\u4e8e<\/span>%(<\/span>\u8d28\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u68d5\u8272\u6cb9\u72b6\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u53eb\u53d1\u70df\u786b\u9178\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6d17\u6da4\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u662f<\/span>%(<\/span>\u8d28\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u786b\u9178\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u786b\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ef7\u683c\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u5f3a\u9178\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u5bf9\u70ed\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\u786b\u9178\u5e94\u7528\u5f97\u5f88\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u786b\u9178\u5728\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u76d0\u7c7b\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u786b\u9178\u53bb\u9664\u542b\u9499\u76d0\u7684\u9505\u7089\u6c61\u57a2\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u5dee\u7684\u786b\u9178\u9499\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53bb\u57a2\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u6539\u7528\u76d0\u9178\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u9499\u800c\u9664\u57a2\u6548\u679c\u826f\u597d<\/span>(<\/span>\u5728<\/span>\u2103<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>cm<\/sup><\/span>\u6c34\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u6eb6\u89e3<\/span> .g<\/span>\u786b\u9178\u9499\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u6eb6\u89e3<\/span>.g<\/span>\u65f6\u6c2f\u5316\u9499<\/span>)<\/span>\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0e\u94a2\u94c1\u53cd\u5e94\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u6c22\u6c14\uff0c\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>%(<\/span>\u8d28\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span>\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u786b\u9178\u4f1a\u5728\u94a2\u94c1\u8868\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u949d\u5316\u819c\u800c\u4f7f\u94a2\u94c1\u5bf9\u5b83\u6709\u8010\u8680\u6027<\/span>%(<\/span>\u8d28\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\u5373\u4f7f\u52a0\u70ed\u5230\u716e\u6cb8\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8150\u8680\u94a2\u94c1\u3002\u800c\u94c5\u4e0e\u94a2\u94c1\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8010\u8680\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0e\u786b\u9178\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u60c5\u51b5\u5f52\u7eb3\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u94dd\uff1a\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e<\/span>%(<\/span>\u8d28\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9<\/span>%(<\/span>\u8d28\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u786b\u9178\u6709\u8010\u8680\u6027\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u950c\u3001\u9541\uff1a\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\u3002<\/span>
<\/span>\u9521\uff1a\u5bf9\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u624d\u6709\u8010\u8680\u6027\u3002<\/span>